In this video I discuss what is blood sugar level, and what causes high and low blood sugar levels. We also look at insulin’s role in blood sugar levels, and some of the risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes.

Transcript (partial)

In this video we are going to discuss what blood sugar or blood glucose is, and why it is important.

Blood sugar level is the amount of glucose(sugar) present in the blood. Our body gets glucose from some of the foods we eat.

After the digestive process, the liver releases glucose into the bloodstream, sending it to cells to be used as energy. As glucose is released into the bloodstream, blood sugar levels rise. This triggers the pancreas to release the hormone insulin, which tells the cells to open up and let the glucose in, which lowers blood sugar levels.

Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver. This process happens many times throughout the day after we eat.
A normal fasting (no food for 8 hours) blood sugar level is between 70 and 99mg/dl, and a normal level two hours after eating is less than 140mg/dl.

So, why is this important? Well, there are 3 main reasons we need to be aware of our blood sugar level.

The 1st reason is that high blood sugar levels can lead to type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is when the body doesn’t use insulin properly (insulin resistance), or when the pancreas stops producing enough insulin. Over time, High blood sugar levels can put a lot of stress on the pancreas, possibly causing it to become permanently damaged. 95% of all diabetes cases in the US are type 2.

Researchers don’t fully understand why some people develop type 2 diabetes and others don’t. However, there are some factors that increase the risk.

-being overweight – the more fatty tissue you have, the more resistant your cells become to insulin.

-fat distribution – more fat storage in the abdomen increases the risk

-inactivity – Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose as energy and makes your cells more sensitive to insulin.

The 2nd reason we need to monitor our blood sugar levels is that High levels can also lead to atherosclerosis, which is hardening and narrowing of the arteries. This can block the arteries, putting blood flow at risk, which can lead to other problems.

The 3rd reason is low blood sugar levels, this is rare in non-diabetics. This can be caused by certain medications, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive exercise, and from meals high in refined carbs.
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We have discussed the normal fasting and postprandial (2 hours after eating food) blood sugar levels and the blood sugar normal range that should be maintained in a diabetes patient.

We have explained it in detail considering the cost of treatment, the risk of hypoglycemia, and the side effects of drugs like weight gain.

Also, you will know about the importance of the HBA1C test in Hindi and what are the ideal targets for HBA1C in a diabetic patient.

The maintenance of a blood sugar chart will help you in avoiding Diabetes-related complications. And therefore it is very important for a diabetic patient to maintain the blood sugar levels within the normal range.

Everything is explained in a simple and scientific manner.
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Sources:
Diabetes: Journal of American Diabetic Association
The United States National Library of Medicine

Website: https://www.thydoc.com/
Health blogs: https://www.thydoc.com/health-blog/

Thanks and regards,
Dr. Rishab Sharma MBBS, MD (INTERNAL MEDICINE)
Dr. Divaanshu Gupta MBBS, MD (ANAESTHESIA)

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Make an appointment with Berestrand Williams, MD: http://www.mountsinai.org/profiles/berestrand-w-williams2
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Berestrand Williams, MD FAAP is a board-certified primary care doctor at Mount Sinai Doctors, seeing patients of all ages Monday – Friday in Greenwich Village. Trained in Connecticut and Massachusetts, he is certified by the American Board of Pediatrics and the American Board of Internal Medicine and a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Physicians. After majoring in Biology and graduating with honors at Harvard University, he was awarded his medical degree from the University of Connecticut’s School of Medicine and completed two residencies – one in Internal Medicine at Boston University’s Boston City Hospital and another in Pediatrics at the combined Boston University School of Medicine – Harvard Pediatric Residency Program. Prior to joining Mount Sinai Doctors, he practiced at the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center for nine years and then served as Chief of Primary Care at Concentra Urgent Care and Family Medicine Center. He has been nationally recognized, receiving the Surgical Scholars Award in 1987 and the AOL Foundation Grant: Franciscan Children’s Hospital in 2001. He has written several publications, including Al. Cardiovascular Collapse Treated with Hemodiaysis, Journal of Critical Care Medicine, January 1991. Dr. Williams is fluent in Spanish.

Mount Sinai Doctors, 52 West 8th Street, is a multispecialty practice with Family Medicine, Gynecology, and Internal Medicine.
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